Multicultural Music Education essays

Multicultural Music Education expositions Each landmass on the planet has their own way of life, while each nation on those mainlands have theirs, and each city in those nations have their own way of life, while the individuals and families that live in those urban communities have their own. Everybody was raised unique and have various perspectives on life and various preferences for what they like and don't care for from nourishments, to exercises, to places, and even music. Music knows no boundries, of mountains, fields or oceans; its language can be comprehended, by overall fraternity. It doesn't make a difference what language you talk, what sex you are, or what religion, race, culture, or class is, Music addresses the human heart in each natural clime; with one known tongue it must import an amicability superb Edward Todd. The instruction of multicultural music is significant in our reality to help each other view our own individual societies and to advance assorted variety. Here in the United States, there are such huge numbers of various societies that to be a music instructor in the homeroom, you nearly need to set yourself up to be a multicultural educator. One of the manners in which that you can integrate multicultural music with your exercises is show them the things that are distinctive about this culture concerning the things that they definitely know like beat, pitch, structure, tone shading, and keys. Another path is to have the understudies play and play out the music. Not exclusively are you showing them the music, yet you are likewise having them hear it more and figure out how to play it. The difficulties of training multicultural music is that occasionally, educators may have a class with a lot of Hispanic individuals and solid any Caucasian, yet perhaps a couple of Europeans additionally, so the genuine issue is making sense of which sort of music is multicultural and as an instructor, you need to have a deep understanding of the kind of music you decided for the present and we should educate m ... <!

What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation

What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation What You Need to Know about an Advanced Higher English Dissertation On the off chance that you need to flaunt a piece before your teachers while you are composing an Advanced Higher English thesis, it is essential to follow the correct advances. Recollect that the Advanced Higher English is a course for students who need to improve their comprehension and their capacity to utilize increasingly modern dialect by participating in more elevated level composing aptitudes preparing. Such a course gives customized scholarly help, provoking understudies to improve their perusing and composing, just as near bits of knowledge. In the event that you need to realize how to compose your Advanced Higher English thesis, you have to see some center realities: It Is a New Experience for You Up until this point, function as an alumni understudy is regularly an augmentation of a previous life in school. A great many people are acceptable at school which is the reason they proceed forward with a greater amount of it. They have fun certainty and achievement that goes with school. Numerous understudies appreciate the labs, perusing, papers, and tests, and find that with a touch of contemplating like what they did in student, they can pass. In any case, the one thing that is unfathomably not the same as all other work you may have finished as a student is this last venture. This is something new, this is something not normal for anything you have encountered previously and it is something that assists with denoting the change you are making from the job of â€Å"student† to the job of â€Å"scholar†. It is a Very Independent Task This sort of composing is a lot of equivalent to composing a book; you do the vast majority of it all alone, and you are self-coordinated. This is something that frequently shocks understudies. Indeed, even the individuals who are not familiar with being held by the hand and absolutely don’t expect it are still somewhat stunned by the amount they are all alone, working totally autonomously of every other person around them. Regardless of whether you realize somebody chipping away at this equivalent last venture, your work is totally extraordinary which can leave you with sentiments of detachment or terrorizing. It Brings a Great Deal of Stress This undertaking is one which can change your life drastically once you are done and that can carry with it a lot of pressure, particularly worry about what's to come. Yet, there are things you can do: Consider doing some spirit looking to inquire as to whether this is totally something you need to invest in. Recollect that not seeking after this isn't dishonorable. Remember that the aptitudes worked during this procedure can be utilized all through your profession. Your last report might be something you use in your initial profession moves. You have to deal with your subject well. Speak with your counselor as much as possible. You have to deal with your board. In general, when you set out to compose, ensure that you follow these means so as to guarantee your teachers are intrigued. Your Advanced Higher English paper can be finished easily and finished well. Additionally, you can appreciate proficient paper help gave by our online scholarly composing administration .

Advanced Web Technology Example

Advanced Web Technology Example Advanced Web Technology â€" Essay Example > 30th September, 2011IntroductionThe emergence of web services has contributed a new set of technology to the enterprise. This set of technology is both complex and also simple in nature, just as they complicate the traditional application management and enterprise they also simplify it by contributing a set of capabilities to virtualised networks, application resources, systems and therefore uniformly manages them (Sahai and Graupner, 2005). Web services have been providing service centric computing through utilising the internet as its platform (Laneve, 2010). While the services are being transmitted via the internet, the World Wide Web has managed to turn to a distributed, decentralised and a pervasive infrastructure where data and information is conveyed for utilization by other users (Laneve, 2010). It is this kind of decentralization, wide paradigm of information dissemination that on meeting the concept of service centric computing that has led to the genesis of the concept of web services (Laneve, 2010). Definition of Web ServicesThe definition of Web services as defined by World Wide Web Consortium abbreviated as (W3C) goes like this, “web services are distributed services that are identified by URL, whose interfaces and binding can be identified by URI, whose interfaces and binding can be defined, described and discovered by XML artefacts, and that support direct XML message-based interactions with other software applications via internet based protocols” (Sahai and Graupner, 2005). The Concept of Software as a ServiceWeb service is vital in implementing the service as software. Take for example, the process of ordering a book at the brick and mortar Barnes and Noble (Thuraisingham, 2009). You first visit the book store section, and then you look at the catalogue, find the book you want and then you place an order with the help of their sales representative. The sales representative will then call the warehouse manager and request the book (Ag rawal, 2011). The ware house manger will therefore in return sends the book to store, and then the store informs the customer and at the end the customer buys the book (Thuraisingham, 2009). The above can be considered as a service and therefore can be implemented as software in the following manner; the interested customer checks the website of Barnes and Noble, finds a book and requests for it (Thuraisingham, 2009). The request management service implemented by Barnes and Noble as an order management system takes the order then it sends a message to the warehouse service, and requests the book (Agrawal, 2011). The warehouse service then finds that book is in its inventory and therefore in return it sends information to the order management service which sends information to the customer, the ware house also sends information to the shipping service. All this stated services returns information in form of a message to the customer with all what he or she wants (Agrawal, 2011). It is therefore important to learn that while the unit of computation of objects-originated computing is an object, one can also consider computing unit for service-oriented computing to be a service, although the actual implementation of the service can be achieved by using packages or even objects (Thuraisingham, 2009).

Letters Of Letters From Birmingham - 1489 Words

Letters from Birmingham Module 3 Assignment 2: LASA 1 NeShanta Staten 07/22/2015 Argosy University PHI 101 A01 The letters to Birmingham puts in my in the mind of the letters sent church in Corinth by Paul. Just as word reach Paul in that same manner so did it with Dr. King which in both instance they both stopped to take a moment and address the situation at hand. ( 1 Corinthians, KJV) In each letter the meaning behind them was to bring awareness and understanding to the people around them. Letters to Corinth was written because the people in the community had fallen in serious moral dilemma. ( https://www.biblegateway.com/ ) This is where I feel these two come together the letter are here to give a platform the writers in orer for them to bring salvation. Dr. King was in Birmingham because of the injustice that is going on over those that believe in equality and civil rights for, on the other side there were those that didn’t. The city population was mainly KKK members, one man in particular was Commissioner of Public Safety Eugene â€Å"Bull† Connor s who was more about segr egation that equal rights that’s members needed someone in high authority on their side. While the protester marched nonviolently the were attacked by police dogs and strong blasted of water holes similar to the ones use to put out fires. ( King, 2006) What deemed effective for Dr. King was civil disobedience during the march that he held. So you ask yourself, how can this beShow MoreRelatedThe Letter From Birmingham Jail 1321 Words   |  6 Pages(King). Children ripped apart from their families, not being able to socialize with certain people, or even go to the local amusement park. It was a hard time to be a colored person, and there was one hope. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed that one day blacks and whites could one day come together peacefully. King tried to do what he believed was right with everything in his will to finally join forces and not be talked down on by whites. In the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† he includes several eventsRead MoreA Letter From The Birmingham Jail1110 Words   |  5 Pages‘a statement of the text’ which is often drawn directly from the Bible; (3) the ‘body of the sermon,’ which consists of repeated emotional climaxes; and (4) the ‘conclusion’ which resolves the emotional tension aroused by the sermon by drawing the sinners to God.† (Pipes 143). Based on these characteristics and King’s religious background and experience as a preacher, it is logical to argue that the structure of â€Å"A Letter from the Birmingham Jail† resembles that of a sermon which is aimed at an audienceRead MoreThe Letter From A Birmingham Jail809 Words   |  4 Pagesbut all human beings who were being treated unjustly. He is known for many speeches, but The Letter from a Birmingham Jail† written in 1963 was phenomenal in my opinion; this letter, written in response to â€Å"A Call for Unity,†(Carpenter et. el, 1963 ) an article written by eight, white, Alabama clergymen, was to serve as a response to those who believed that King acted inappropriately for coming to Birmingham, Alabama, as an outsider, for creating immense tension with his demonstrations, and for theRead MoreLetter from a Birmingham Jail759 Words   |  4 PagesLuther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham jail† is a mix of emotional passion and logical precision that seeks to achieve meaningful cause. The letter was a response to white clergy who were critical of his intention in Birmingham naming him an â€Å"outsider†. King’s response to critics through a letter explains his arguments vividly and effectively. King wrote the letter in a way that he agreed with his critics, nonetheless still using their words against them in logic harmony. King’s letter illustratesRead MoreLetter from Birmingham Jail1872 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Letter from Birmingham Jail-Rhetorical Analysis Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† in order to address the biggest issue in Birmingham and the United States at the time (racism) and to also address the critics he received from the clergymen. The letter discusses the great injustices happening toward the Black community in Birmingham and although it is primarily aimed at the clergymen King writes the letter for all to read. In his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham JailRead MoreThe Letter From A Birmingham Jail1266 Words   |  6 PagesDr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a key figure in the civil rights movements that took place in the 1950s and 1960s. The â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† is an open letter written by King defending nonviolent resistance against racism. The letter argued that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust and unethical laws. The letter also stresses themes of unity among brothers in order to overcome racism. I will argue in support of Kingâ€℠¢s stance that citizens are morally justified in breakingRead MoreLetter From A Birmingham Jail1900 Words   |  8 Pages Summary and Response â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† John Hodgin English 111-54H Professor Bradford Ivy Tech Community College September 24, 2017 Cover Letter Professor Bradford, Obviously my primary motivation for writing my Summary and Response Draft is that it is a requirement for my English Composition Class. Having said that, I also have another heartfelt motivation for writing my Summary and Response about Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. I have studied aboutRead MoreEssay on A Letter From a Birmingham Jail717 Words   |  3 PagesA Letter From a Birmingham Jail In Martin Luther King, Jr.s Letter from a Birmingham Jail, his thoughts and ideas are directly stated, well expressed, explained, and illustrated. Kings style of writing gives the reader a clear glimpse into the world with which he struggled and allows his letter to be powerfully effective. In the introductory paragraph, King introduces his reason for writing the letter and details who the audience is to be. He explains that he rarely answers criticismsRead MoreLetter From Birmingham City Jail Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Ybarra Philosophy 1C 23 November 2015 Letter From Birmingham City Jail Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter from Birmingham City Jail to the clergymen, saying that they criticized the actions and how they were targeting him. He explains in the letter how the city of Birmingham has gone through all the nonviolent campaigns and that it proves that their is serious racial injustice. Martin Luther King Jr. composed the letter to Birmingham in 1963. The reason why so many people were complainingRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Act904 Words   |  4 Pages In April 1963, the city of Birmingham, Alabama, was caught in the midst of massive civil rights protests. Protestors advocating for desegregation brought the city to a halt with widespread disruptive yet peaceful protests. After a circuit court placed an injunction against protesting, parading and picketing King was arrested for his involvement. While in jail King received a letter written by eight Alabama clergymen criticizing King for his disruptive protests and the breaking of laws which lead

The Sin Within Us All. Sin Is Everywhere Yet Nowhere At

The Sin Within Us All Sin is everywhere yet nowhere at the same exact time. Sin is inevitable yet many people believe they can combat it through their faith. Without faith, sin would consume anyone in its path. Even people of strong religious beliefs will continue to sin throughout their life. As stated in Romans 3:23, â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.† Nathanial Hawthorne’s two literary pieces Young Goodman Brown and The Minister s Black Veil highlight the struggle of human inclination to constantly hide their own sin. The two stories are different in that Goodman Brown exposes the real (sinful) faces of his peers, but in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† Hawthorne purposely hides the face of the minister and†¦show more content†¦Now Goodman is thoroughly freaked out and wants to return to the village for â€Å"Faith’s† sake. Upon arriving at a ceremony, most likely a devil-worshipping cult ritual, he begins to look around an d see the entire community is there. Goodman then sees the new convert is actually his wife, Faith, and begs her to resist the devil then all of a sudden appears alone in the forest once more. After Goodman’s prophecy or awakening so to speak, he has a new outlook on the overwhelming sinful nature of humans. After Brown s dealings with the Devil in his dream, he becomes focused on the hypocrisy and sin of other members of Salem. The day after his dream, Brown returns to the village to find everything and everyone else unchanged. He avoids the minister, the deacon, and his wife as if they are condemned or cursed. He even seizes a little girl who is learning the catechism from Goody Cloyse. The corruption of his mind and his heart is complete; Goodman Brown sees evil wherever he looks.† That is, he notices wickedness everywhere except within himself. Not only does Brown lose his belief in the goodness of humanity, but also his willingness to show compassion towards those around him. Brown s inability to look around people’s sin haunted him for the rest of his days. Contrastingly enough, Father Hooper perceives sin through actual experiences. The Minister s Black Veil opens with Hooper walking to church to preach theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Romans 1725 Words   |  7 PagesIn Chapter seven Paul furthers his discussion on the power of sin. This discussion offered by Paul must be preceded by a discussion of who in fact Paul is referencing in this passage. The question rests in his use of the word â€Å"ÃŽ µÃŽ ³ÃÅ½Ã¢â‚¬  translated â€Å"I.† The identity of this â€Å"I† is debated amongst theologians. Answering the question of who is being referenced is a longstanding question which begs exploration. The viewpoints are plentiful, yet the prominence of the law and the nature of Paul’s argument inRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of God7569 Words   |  31 Pagesto judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic** church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrec tion of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen. Humanity, The book of Genesis confirms for the believer that we were made is God’s image (imago dei) in the very image and likeness of God; â€Å"And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) Genesis 1:26. God had humanity in mind from the very beginning, that is, out of His beingRead MoreTom Confirmation Paper1841 Words   |  8 PagesChristian faith. The first is that it is what I truly believe in. For me it is what explains many things. I also know that God will always be there for me in Christian faith. My studies in the past six months to complete the confirmation class has verified all of my feelings I had going into the class. I have been going to Pilgrim Congregational since my mom first took me and then I couldn’t decide what I believed in, but now with the experience of many years of coming to church I know that this is the faithRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe2052 Words   |  9 Pagesof 1850 shielded slaves from escaping their owners, all the way now to Canada just to be considered â€Å"free.† During this crucial time in American history, Stowe chose to educate her readers about slavery and laws passed by spending a sizeable amount of time on the role of women in all aspects of slavery. Exposing their complex, yet rich sway with others, they manifested a divergent approach with others who came within reach of them. The women within the book, free or enslaved, were put into a cornerRead MoreThe Crusades By Dana C. Munro1967 Words   |  8 Pagesrequired the Greek Church (all non-Christians) to be under the control of the Catholic Church of Rome. According to Dana C. Munro, the first crusades began under the papacy of Pope Urban II. From whom delivered a speech in 1096 at the Council of Clermont that led thousands to take up the cross. It is from that moment on the Popes always felt the crusades were their task and under their inspiration believing that the crusades were God’s work and they were His agents. Let us consider the words of PopeRead MoreReligion of Islam3119 Words   |  13 PagesProphet Muhammad (PBUH) I in Arabia in the seventh century, but only the true religion of Allah re-expressed in its final form. Islam is the religion which was given to Adam, the first man and the first prophet of Allah, and it was the religion of all the prophets sent by Allah to mankind. The name of Gods religion lslam was not decided upon by later generations of man. It was chosen by Allah Himself and clearly mentioned in His final revelation to man. In the final book of divine revelation, theRead MoreReligion of Islam3105 Words   |  13 PagesProphet Muhammad (PBUH) I in Arabia in the seventh century, but only the true religion of Allah re-expressed in its final form. Islam is the religion which was given to Adam, the first man and the first prophet of Allah, and it was the religion of all the prophets sent by Allah to mankind. The name of Gods religion lslam was not decided upon by later generations of man. It was chosen by Allah Himself and clearly mentioned in His final revelation to man. In the final book of divine revelation, theRead MoreRastafarianism Beliefs and Rituals2750 Words   |  11 Pagesviewed and behaved within each different situation; in particular how happy and settled they usually were even on the most difficult conditions. The Rastafarian religion’s beliefs and rituals are extremely rich and pure; throughout extensive research it was possible to unveil six main beliefs that can be considered truly Rastafarians, one of them stating that Haile Selassie I is the only God. These beliefs don’t hold true in a theological point of view because the bible teaches us of the Holy TrinityRead MoreMy Son Christian By Mark Carrasco Essay11672 Words   |  47 PagesI may get with you. Copyright 2015 by Mark Carrasco All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. Contact can be made with the author through email at superman32471@hotmail.com INTRODUCTION This book initially began as a commentary on my Facebook page, entitled, â€Å"Do Animals Go to Heaven?† It was the product of a question asked of me by our church youth. Several within the adult congregation disagreed with me. However I presentedRead MoreThe Visible Image Of The Invisible God Essay2389 Words   |  10 PagesHe is the visible image of the invisible God. He is supreme over all creation, because in connection with him were created all things — in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones, lordships, rulers or authorities — they have all been created through him and for him. He existed before all things, and he holds everything together. – Colossians 1:15 We are stewards and guardians of a world made by the one and only God. You may be asking, â€Å"What is a steward?† A steward is a designee

Chocolate Research Paper Free Essays

WOMEN STUDIES ECO-FOOTPRINT PROJECT Topic – Cocoa Beans Production Process Chocolate is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candy bars, cookies and cereals. It is ranked as one of the most favourite flavours in North America and Europe. Despite its popularity most people do not know the unique origin of this popular treat. We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolate Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chocolate is a product that requires complex procedures to produce. The process involves harvesting cocoa, refining coca to cocoa beans, and shipping the cocoa beans to the manufacturing factory for cleaning, coaching and grinding. These cocoa beans will then be imported or exported to other countries and be transformed into different types of chocolate products. Cocoa beans grow in countries like Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Malaysia, but the highest cocoa producing country is Cote d’Ivoire. The production process of cocoa beans include: first, cocoa is harvested manually. The seed pods of cocoa are collected and the beans are selected and placed in piles. These cocoa beans are then ready to be shipped to the manufacturer for production. Cocoa grows in pods that sprout off the trunks and branches of cocoa trees. The pods have the shape and almost the size of football. The pods start out green and turn orange when they are ripe. When the pods are ripe they are harvested gently with machetes. Machines can damage the trees or the clusters of flowers and pods that grow on the trunk, so workers have to harvest the pods by hand, using short, hooked blades mounted on long poles to reach the highest fruit. The cocoa seeds then undergo a process of fermentation by placing them in large, shallow, heated trays or by covering them with large banana leaves. If the climate is right, they may be simply heated by the sun. Workers mostly women come along periodically and stir them up so that all of the beans come out equally fermented. This process may take up to five or eight days. After fermentation, the cocoa seeds are dried before they can be scooped into sacks and shipped to chocolate manufacturers. Farmers simply spread the fermented seeds on trays and leave them in the sun to dry. The drying process usually takes about a week and results in seeds becoming reduced to about half of their original weight. During the production process, labor is not equally divided between men and women who work in the planation; this brings us to the issue of gender division. The gender divide that exists on the cocoa plantation is that most farm work is conducted by men, although most certainly there are tasks where women are very active, such as scooping the beans from the already opened husks, turning the beans during the fermentation and drying process, and sewing the jute sacs needed for the packaging of the dried beans. Women in the farms normally tend to the needs of the family. When female labor is hired during the harvesting time the wages given to them are not the same as those for men. Perhaps another reason why men are preferred is because of their assumed higher productivity rate compared to that of women. Due to different practices followed in individual regions, even within countries, the participation of women and their assigned tasks vary enormously. For instance, because of the popular method of sun drying cocoa beans in Ecuador, it is necessary to â€Å"clean† the beans. This job is mostly undertaken by women. This is not the case in Ghana or Brazil where sun drying is accomplished while protecting the beans from foreign matters and waste. It is interesting to note however that there is no specific pattern for the assignment of tasks to women, except during the harvest when the scooping of the beans from the opened pods is primarily performed by women in most cocoa producing countries. Given the great differences in the systems of production in producing countries it is difficult to find a common percentage that reflects the average participation of the female work force. It is worth mentioning that unlike the coffee agricultural sector, there are no associations or specific groups that house ‘women only’ involved in the cocoa sector at any level, although all associations and cooperatives are open to all who qualify. Due to fluctuation of cocoa prices in the world market, farmers have no long-term security, and in some situations, they do not have enough funds to support their farming business. Cocoa farmers are always faced with financial hardship; they are not able to provide for their families as they would want nor have enough funds to start up their own farming business because they only receive a fraction of the proceeds from the selling of the beans on the world market and there are many people in the trading chain. Cocoa farmers around the world face many challenges. It is estimated that about one-third of global cocoa crops are destroyed by pests and diseases every year. Many cocoa farmers have limited access to the latest agricultural technologies or methods of cultivation and few of them ave business backgrounds to help them effectively market their products and manage their operations. Many of the farming communities live in poverty and are infected with diseases. Industry groups, governments and consumers worldwide have raised concerns about the use of pesticides and child labor on West African cocoa farms. An interview conducted by Christophe Koffi showed that one major problem that women in cocoa production encounter is the lack the of financial capability or backing due to the fact that most of these women find themselves in a male dominated occupation. It is very difficult for them to secure financial aid or loans to manage their farms. For instance, â€Å"Women cannot inherit or even create a cocoa plantation under our patriarch-dominated tradition,† said Vanie, criticising what she called a â€Å"backwards and misogynist† practice† (Koffi, 2008) because we still live in a patriarchal dominated society where women do not have the right to own lands and properties. This paper further talks about the sustanability in the production process of cocoa. We will be looking at Lindt Sprungli’s which is a family company and a major producer of chocolate and other cocoa products with a headquaters in Kilchberg, Switzerland. Lindt Sprungli is one of the few chocolate makers that have complete control over every step of the production chain starting with the precise selection of the finest cocoa varieties from the best growing areas in the world right on through the careful and expert processing until ending with the elegant packaging. Lindt gets its cocoa beans mostly from Ghana and Central and South America. Lindt has been very conservative in the amount of energy its invests in the chocolate production process. Each existing and future facility and investment undergoes very detailed analysis to determine how much energy can be saved. Through better insulation and energy recovery, Lindt Sprungli was able to cut down on energy consumption by more than 13% per ton produced between 2004 and 2010. The company intends to continue reducing the energy consumption rate per ton produced by an average over the coming years. According to the Lindt publication, The company’s efforts: since 1999, Lindt Sprungli’s Swiss subsidiary, Chocoladefabriken Lindt Sprungli (Schweiz) AG, has been an active member of the Lake Zurich Energy Model Group†¦The Swiss government and independent engineers have audited the progress and as a result, the Swiss subsidiary has been granted the official certificate. Kilchberg, 2012) Since 2007, Lindt Sprungli under water conservation has been participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)†¦Since then, the measurements of water emissions and energy consumption have been largely based on the concept of the ‘Methodology Fossil Fuels’ set out in the CDP Protocol†¦Waste water, Lindt Sprungli continuously monitors and analyses the use of water and the output of wastewater in the production process and intends to fu rther reduce the use of fresh water in this process, which, in turn will impact the output of wastewater (Kilchberg, 2012) The major people that benefit from cocoa production are mostly the big corporations. The corporations exploit cocoa farmers in the sense that they do not pay them the true worth of their labour. Women who work on the farms are underpaid and marginalized. There is also the issue of child labor where children of school going age are forced to work on the farms instead of going to school thereby denying them the right to education. The big corporations are not forth coming in releasing information as to how and where they get their cocoa beans from. Most of these African countries where these big corporations get their raw materials from do not have access to good roads, health care facilities, schools, electricity, and there is poverty in most of the communities. These big corporations buy the cocoa beans at a very cheap rate and then import them to the western society and the refined product is processed into different kinds of chocolates (e. g. chocolate drink, chocolate bars of different shapes and sizes and chocolate candies etc. ) which are sold consumers at exorbitant prices considering the price at which the cocoa beans are bought from the cocoa farmers. This explains how capitalism and big corporation exploit cheap labour. Almost everyone enjoys a bit of chocolate every now and again. But if you take a closer look at how cocoa is produced, it may well leave a bitter taste in your mouth. The conditions under which the cocoa farmers in many producer countries live and work are worrying: Despite the fact that cocoa is usually their main source of income, the families struggle to make a living from it. Child labour is not uncommon. As consumers we can work with NGOs to find means of helping the farmers to adapt to new systems of cocoa farming that result higher yields, under socially more acceptable and environmentally friendly conditions, to meet market demands and hence ensure a stable flow income. As a major part of the global cocoa industry which has remained inactive and invisible for so long, consumers of chocolate can demonstrate that they want slavery in the cocoa sector stamped out, and your pressure can highlight their lack of commitment and make them more accountable. Finally all cocoa products, including chocolate, run the risk of being tainted by child labour and slavery. To achieve a satisfactory standard of ethical production in chocolate consumers must help to ensure that companies commit to credible and sufficient actions against such things as use of child labour and the exploitation of cocoa farmers and not make false and unsustainable promises to consumers of being â€Å"slavery- free†. The consumers can liaise with government bodies and NGOs to negotiate fair prices for the purchase of cocoa products and this will in turn help the farmers to gain access to basic social amenities of life. Reference Page Archer, D. (2012). ADM’s commitment to sustainable cocoa. Milwaukee: Copyright 2012 Archer Daniels Midland Company . Clarkson, T. (1998). Anti-slavery. Retrieved November 15, 2012, from www. antislavery. org: http://www. antislavery. org/english/privacy_policy. aspx Kilchberg. (2012, April 22). The environment in the Production Process. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from www. Lindt. com: http://www. lindt. com/swf/eng/company/social-responsibility/lindts-sustainable-cocoa-supply-chain/ Koffi, C. (2008, November 7). Ivory Coast women defy taboos. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from iol News: http://www. iol. co. za/news/africa/ivory-coast-women-defy-taboos-1. 423405 How to cite Chocolate Research Paper, Essays

Throughout The Course Of History, The Acquisition And Retention Of Bot

Throughout the course of history, the acquisition and retention of both power and wealth have been the greatest priorities of mankind, that which has been surpassed by no other. However unwarranted or immoral it may seem, the power of the greatest nations of the world has always been drawn from the rape, pillage, and plunder of foreign lands deemed to be weaker and thus obsolete. Without the procurement of the wealth of others, some of history's greatest nations would have ceased to exist. Every nation which exists today was built upon the blood and sweat of those conquered. To those who wish to retain their wealth and power, the use of murder and injustice are of no consequence. It is a simple yet horrifying fact that there are those who simply love power and who will go to any lengths to assert it and to continue asserting it. The Egyptians conquered the Hebrews and forced them to build the pyramids of the pharaohs as slaves. The Romans decimated Greece and their wealth and labor were assimilated to aid in the creation of the Roman Empire. Throughout history, the same tale unfolds time and time again: a great nation arises, and then an even greater one brings about the downfall of the first, only to later fall itself, by an outside force or internally through the mutiny of its own people or of the people it has oppressed. Thus, it is also evident that when one society attempts to press its beliefs upon another, a certain amount of resentment is to be expected from those being oppressed. When two societies meld together the outcome is always the same: the oppressing society builds up a certain amount of racism and cultural rejection against the oppressed, the oppressed society builds an equal amount of rejections towards the oppressors, and ultimately the oppressed build up resentment and rejection towards their own people as they are forced to take sides. It appears that no nation has ever been excluded from this trend, least of all Great Britain. Over a period of hundreds of years, England was able to slowly, yet forcefully, take complete control of Scotland, Ireland, and Upper Wails, ultimately forming Great Britain. Over the following centuries, the British Empire was spread the world over, inhabiting portions of such rustic, untamed lands as North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Australia, and small parts of Asia, including India. The British presence in India began in the times of Elizabeth I in the sixteenth century with a few trading centers at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta. As the years progressed however, India became a much more important fixture in the British Empire. As the nineteenth century drew forward towards the twentieth century, India became the jewel of the British Empire, which had dwindled to a fraction of its former size and power. During the mid-eighteenth century, the French decided to challenge the pre-eminence of the British East India Company, and incited some of the states of the Mogul Empire to attack the British. At this time, India was the place where many of the second sons of titled families went as Army officers and officials to make their fortunes. One such officer was a man by the name of George Orwell. George Orwell began his career as a member of the Burmese Imperial Police in 1922 and later went on to become one of the most renowned English authors of all time. During his time as an Imperial Police Officer in India, Orwell became saturated with the country's history and customs. It is indeed no wonder that when Orwell returned to England in 1927 he began work on his first novel, Burmese Days. Published in 1934, Burmese Days has been characterized by Edmund Wilson as "certainly one of the few first-hand and really excellent pieces of fiction that have been written about India since Kipling... The author, who was born in Bengal and served in the Burmese police, is saturated with his subject... Distinguished as a work of literature." Although not quite so famous as some of Orwell's other novels, such as 1984 and Animal Farm, Burmese Days is an instant classic written by a truly gifted author whom is an authority on the subject. The novel presents a bitter and satirical picture of the white man's rule in Upper Burma. One thread of the story is a corrupt native politician's attempt to win membership in the white man's club, and the other is an Englishman's courtship of

The Interpretation of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Presented by Patrick Garland

The Interpretation of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Presented by Patrick Garland The role of women in the society of the 19th century is a rather controversial point for the discussion in literature because of the fact the end of the century can be characterized as the period of the women’s awakening and starting their struggle for the real equality in rights with men. Henrik Ibsen presented his vision of the woman’s position in the society in the play A Doll’s House which became the sensation because of the accents on the problematic social questions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Henrik Ibsen’s A Dolls House Presented by Patrick Garland specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The play was performed on stage many times, and there are several film adaptations of Ibsen’s work. It is necessary to pay attention to the film adaptation of 1973 directed by Patrick Garland, starring Claire Bloom and Anthony Hopkins. Although stage productions and film adaptations often reflect the director’s vision of the play and its problems which can differ from the playwright’s idea, Garland’s adaptation of A Doll’s House can be discussed as the effective interpretation of the problems of the woman’s social position and the human personal freedom developed by Ibsen in his play. The main strong feature of the film is its strict dependence on the play’s plot and the author’s description of the settings which was followed thoroughly. It is possible to notice only few details which were changed by the director to provide the audience with the feeling of the real situation. It is necessary to pay attention to several excursions outside when the main scenes are developed in the house of Torvald Helmer. Thus, there are no significant transformations in the plot to meet the director’s intentions, and such additions as the developed scene of the ball can be discussed as the device to emphasize th e main characters’ emotions with the help of accentuating their actions. From this point, the director tries to represent not only his vision of the play, but interpret the work according to the playwright’s ideas. The problems which are discussed in the play and in the film are the questions of the women’s social rights, their position in the men’s society, the issue of the personal freedom, the problem of relations between men and women in the family as a result of the impact of social gender stereotypes. Patrick Garland has no intention to add some modern issues to the discussion in the film, but the ideas developed in the adaptation can be discussed as current for the social situation of the 1970s when the movement to protect the women’s rights was especially active.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also possible to determine the other important messages which were developed in the play and film such as the problems of friendship, blackmail, and lying for the benefit of the other person. The positive features of Garland’s film adaptation are in following Ibsen’s ideas to emphasize their revolutionary character, vividness, and currency. Nora, the main female character of the play, is the woman who comes through definite stages of her personal development, realizing that her life was rather artificial, and her house was only a doll’s house where the family values were insignificant in comparison with the importance of the social status and image (Ibsen). It is an interesting fact that Claire Bloom also participated in the adaptations of Ibsen’s play on stage that is why the role of Nora is close and familiar for the actress, and Bloom’s acting can be considered as persuasive an emotional. In his adaptation, Garland concentrates on the emotional state of Nora and her feeli ngs and accentuates her inner struggle and considerations with the help of the cameraman’s work when the shots are changed in relation to the changes in Nora’s emotions and her attitude to the husband (â€Å"A Doll’s House†). Nora is traditionally perceived as the childish woman, who cannot make the independent decisions, but her character develops during the play, and the audience has the opportunity to observe the willed person who wants to be respected by her husband because of her devotion and her ability to act independently. Bloom’s Nora represents all the stages of the character’s development successfully. Furthermore, it is possible to observe the changes in Nora’s tone of the voice, her movements, and gestures. Her speech changes along with her perception of the reality, and there are no signs of childishness in Nora at the end of the film (â€Å"A Doll’s House†). One of the most interesting director’s ap proaches to accentuate the emotional state of Nora is the scene with the Christmas ball when Nora dances the Tarantella. Ibsen used the symbolic meaning of this dance to accentuate Nora’s gaining the feeling of the personal freedom in spite of the pressure of the social prejudice. Thus, Garland accentuated the scene and used it to present the female character’s emotions as a kind of her opposition to the society with its norms because the norms and rules limited the women’s rights. Moreover, the scenes with a dancing heroine are also important to emphasize the chaos in her thoughts and feelings, which is represented with the help of the outstanding cameraman’s work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Henrik Ibsen’s A Dolls House Presented by Patrick Garland specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To determine the difficulties which can be experienced by the woman in the society of the 19th century, it is necessary to focus on the male characters of the play. Nora’s husband Torvald Helmer is depicted as the person who does not perceive Nora seriously. Thus, Nora is just a little child or even Torvald’s doll. Helmer’s attitude is also accentuated with the help of using definite names for Nora. For instance, perceiving Nora as a child, he says that she is a â€Å"little squirrel† (Ibsen 168). However, when Nora does not meet his expectations Helmer is inclined to forget about his attitude to the wife, and he discusses her as a betrayer who does not think about the husband’s social status and image. The problem is in the fact that Nora thinks and cares for her husband, but Helmer does not notice her efforts. Garland sticks to the text, and the character of Torvald Helmer presented by Anthony Hopkins can be discussed as responding to the audience’s perception of Ibsen’s Torvald. Moreover, Hopkins’ character is even colder and more possessive in comparison with Ibsen’s portraying the character. The figure of Krogstad in the film does not attract the audience’s attention because the duet of Bloom and Hopkins makes the vivid kernel of the film. Garland adapted the play with references to the details and careful interpretation of the main themes, but he also paid much attention to the characters’ casting. Bloom and Hopkins’ acting are among the positive aspects of the film because they make the drama alive and touching. That is why, Garland’s accents on Nora and Torvald’s final dialogues are based on Bloom and Hopkins’ great acting. Furthermore, the increase of the distance between the spouses is stressed with the help of using the shots to present the characters and the changes in their appearances and emotions (â€Å"A Doll’s House†). Garland made good attempts to emphasize the provocative character and controversy of Nora’s decision to leave her home. While reading the play, it is possible to pay attention to the tension of the moment, and this tension was vividly represented by the actors in the final scene.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Nora tries to rebel against the social norms supported by her husband which are not correlated with her vision of the good actions, and she feels her freedom to make her own decisions without being afraid of the public’s opinion. Patrick Garland’s film adaptation of Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House can be discussed as successful because the director sticks to the playwright’s text, follows Ibsen’s ideas without adding another meanings and messages to the points discussed in the play. From this perspective, the film is the real adaptation of the play when the director’s position is in interpreting the play’s text carefully and representing it with the help of a camera. Moreover, it is necessary to pay attention to the good choice of the actors for the film because the acting of Claire Bloom and Anthony Hopkins can be analyzed as emotional and vivid. Thus, the evolution of Nora’s character is presented with proper references to the text, and Hopkins’ Torvald can impress the public with his coldness and definite snobbism typical for the men of upper-middle class in the 19th century. A Doll’s House. 1973. Video file. 25 Nov. 2012. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/. Ibsen, Henrik. â€Å"A Doll’s House†. Portable Legacies: Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Ed. Jan Zlotnik Schmidt and Lynne Crockett. USA: Cengage Heinle, 2008. 167-231. Print.

Up and Down Phrasal English Verbs

Up and Down Phrasal English Verbs Phrasal verbs formed with up and down are used to indicate increases and decreases in a number of qualities. Each use is indicated by a specific general quality followed by a synonymous verb or short definition. There are two example sentences for each phrasal verb with up or down. Heres an example: Up Increase in ValueDown Decrease in Value to put up (S) to raiseThe supermarket put coffee prices up in January. to bring down (S) to reduceThe recession brought profits down sharply. Remember that phrasal verbs can be either separable or inseparable (review separable inseparable phrasal verbs). Each phrasal verb is also marked as separable (S) or inseparable (I). In the case that verbs are separable, examples will use the separable form of the phrasal verb. For inseparable phrasal verbs, examples keep the phrasal verbs together. Phrasal Verbs With Up Up Increase in Value to put up (S) to raise Well have to put our prices up to compete.Have they put the price of corn up recently? to go up (I) to increase The price of gas went up in March.Our rent went up in January. Up Increase in Size to bring up (S) to raise (usually children) They brought their children up to be responsible adults.Were bringing up two children. to grow up (I) to become older Youve grown up since I last saw you.The children grew up so fast. Up Increase in Speed to speed up (I) to go faster in a vehicle He quickly sped up to sixty miles an hour.His motorcycle can speed up to 100 quickly. to hurry up (I) to do something faster, to get ready faster Could you please hurry up?!Ill hurry up and finish this report. Up Increase in Heat to heat up (S) to make hotter Ill heat the soup up for lunch.What should I heat up for dinner? to warm up (S) to make hotter Ill warm this soup up for lunch.Would you like me to warm your tea up? Up Increase in Happiness, Excitement to cheer up (S) to make someone happier Can you cheer Tim up?I think we need to cheer them up with a song or two. to liven up (S) to make something more fun Lets liven this party up with a game.We need to liven this meeting up. Up Increase Sound to turn up (S) to raise the volume Please turn the radio up.I like to turn the stereo up when nobody is home. to speak up (I) to speak with a stronger voice You need to speak up for people to understand you.Please speak up in this room. Up Increase in Strength to build up (S) to increase over time Its important to build your muscle strength up over time.Theyve built up an impressive stock portfolio. to pick up (I) to improve over time My health has picked up over the past few days.The stock market has picked up recently. Phrasal Verbs With Down Down Decrease in Value to bring down (S) to reduce They bring down prices after Christmas.The summer brought heating oil prices down. to go down (I) to decrease The value of the house went down during the recession.Gas prices have gone down dramatically over the past few months. to cut down (S) to reduce the value of Weve cut our research and development budget down significantly.Theyve cut their investments down to half. Down Decrease in Speed to slow down (I) to reduce your speed Slow down when you drive into town.My car slowed down and stopped at the intersection. Down Decrease in Temperature to cool down (S) to a lower temperature Youll cool down after you stop exercising.This cool towel will cool you down. Down Decrease in Excitement to cool down (S) to relax I need to take a moment to cool down.Tom should cool his friend down so we can continue the meeting. to calm down (S) to make less excited I calmed the children down with a movie.It took him a while to calm down after the meeting. Down Decrease in Volume to turn down (S) to reduce the volume Could you please turn that music down?I think you should turn the volume down on the radio. to keep down (S) to remain soft Please keep your voices down in the library.Id like you to keep it down in this room. to quieten down (S) to encourage someone to become quieter Could you please quieten your children down?Id like you to quieten the class down. Down Reduce Strength to water down (S) to reduce the strength of something (often alcohol) Could you water this martini down?You need to water down your argument.

Yasunari Kawabatas Masterpiece Yukiguni Research Paper

Yasunari Kawabatas Masterpiece Yukiguni - Research Paper Example After his parents’ untimely deaths, he came to be raised by his maternal grandfather. He lost his grandparents at a young age either and by the time of his teens, was bereft of most of his close relatives. While graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University, Kawabata contributed to the magazine Bungei Shunju, which brought him to the attention of editors and well-known writers of that time, including author Kan Kikuchi. He went on to become one of the founders of Bundei Jidai (or ‘the artistic age’), a publication that became the medium for a new movement in modern Japanese literature. Kawabata also worked for a time as journalist and claimed himself to be deeply moved by World War II, which was apparently one of the greatest influences on his work. Kawabata allegedly committed suicide in 1972 by gassing himself, although this has not been conclusively proven. It is certain however that the early loss of his family and, by his own admission, the horrors of the war , left his work with a tinge of melancholy and sense of insecurity and loss. He was the first of two Japanese Nobel laureates – Oe Kenzaburo being the other – and is perhaps globally, the best-known Japanese writer in contemporary times, although his status in his native country as an author is still widely debated among critics (Miyoshi). Kawabata’s literary style is characterized by its free flowing imagery. He uses surprisingly original and unusual images in his stories that emphasize the poetic quality of his writing. In Yukiguni (Snow Country) for instance, the imagery employed is especially effective and beautiful in telling the emotionally charged love story of the geisha and the dilettante from Tokyo. Masao Miyoshi, in his review of Yasunari Kawabata talks about this ‘dependence of visualization’ as a result of his being essentially a short-story writer. Reiko Tsukimara in ‘A Thematic Study of the Works of Kawabata Yasunari’ ide ntifies ‘ryoshu’ and ‘aishu’ as two primary elements in Kawabata’s work. Ryoshu is described as an ‘intense emotional realization that you have found a home of your soul’ and aishu translates to ‘sorrow’ (Tsukimara 23). According to Tsukimara, these two emotions recur in Kawabata’s writing most persistently. They appear together as the recognition of finding a home for one’s soul or ryoshu is accompanied by a sense of profound sorrow or aishu as well. This paper will seek to explore what previous scholars have already commented on Kawabata’s writing technique and thematic concerns and test them on what has been called his masterpiece by Edward G. Seidensticker, Yukiguni or Snow Country. The paper will also explore if there are departures from his usual style and from what scholars like Tsukimara and Miyoshi assert. And finally, it will attempt to make fresh observations on Kawabata’s style through the study of Snow Country. Snow Country began as a short story that was published in 1935 in a literary journal. It was published serially, with Kawabata reworking later, between 1935 and 1937. A new ending and a collation of seven pre-existing versions appeared in 1937. Kawabata again worked on the story and between 1940 and 1941 the story was again published in journals in two sections. These two sections were merged by Kawabata in 1946, with another piece added in 1947. The book as it stands today was the result of combining nine previous versions, published in 1948 (Seidensticker). This complex and long publication history of the story and the its ‘piecemeal’ nature as Seidensticker calls it in his introduction to Snow Country’s translation reiterates the idea of Kawabata as being primarily a short-story writer. The repeated editing and elaborating of what began as a

The Concept of Grace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Concept of Grace - Essay Example The accused would defend them as being an orphan, was defending them, and would be granted the grace. Grace may also occur in a situation where one is given time to pay a dept. Many always referred to it as the grace period. If a friend owes some money, he may give each other grace period to get the money. This grace could be given because the debtor was in little problem and could not pay up on time. It is difficult to find other organisations such as banks giving grace period. This is because they have their fixed times set out for payment of loans. According to religion, God gave his only son, who was without sin, to come and die for the sins of humans. This shows how much God loved the human race. He did not want us to perish in sin (Gesenius & Samuel, 2003). One of the most appropriate ways to express grace is by forgiving someone who has behaved inappropriately. This may or may not be a relative. When parents indulge their children and continue to pay school fees for them, it is a measure of grace. Another appropriate way to show grace is when one does well to someone who always wrongs him or her. In this way, the person doing the crime does not deserve to be treated rightly, but they are favoured. This is a show of the unmerited favour. People always say we are living by the grace of God. This shows that humans have not given God anything in the form of payment to allow them to live. God just allow them to live even if they continue sinning. Persons are prone to taking advantage of others kindness. The above named examples could be ways of inappropriate ways to show grace, if one is your friend and they keep doing wrong things because they know that they would not be held accountable. In such a situation, it is wrong to show grace. This is because they are taking advantage of other peoples kindness. Giving people a long grace period to pay up their debts is inappropriate. This is because they tend to think that everyone is lenient as you are. This

The Feudal Society of Matewan :: Stone Mountain Coal Company Economics Essays

The Feudal Society of Matewan The Stone Mountain Coal Company wielded monopoly control over the town of Matewan through a feudal system of economic, cultural, political, and environmental processes. Every person in the town of Matewan came under the power of the company in one way or another. The employees of Stone Mountain were under a bondage contract with the company. Once they came to the company it was impossible to leave and at the same time maintain a basic standard of living. They could not leave also because once they signed on with the company they owed the company a large sum of money for everything ranging from the ticket for the train that brought them to Matewan to the equipment they needed to work there. In this way it was as if they were paying the company to let them work in the mines rather the other way around. They did not have the rights basic to capitalism such as the right to join a union, the right to sell their labor in a labor market to the bidder of their choice, and the rig ht to spend their wage freely. The Stone Mountain Coal Company controlled the processes involving the production, circulation, and distribution of products and services in the town of Matewan. Most of the people in the town were employees of the company and others were in debt to the company through mortgages and loans. Everyone depended on the company for daily necessities such as food and clothing because the company owned the stores in Matewan and because all employees of Matewan were paid in company script which only allowed them to buy in the company stores. Furthermore, their contract said that to buy from any other store would mean immediate discharge from employment. The Stone Mountain Coal company was the only major employer in town. To become self-employed, citizens of Matewan would have needed initial endowments of resources, products and land that were only available at the company's prerogative. The Stone Mountain Coal company kept economic control through political processes which served to punish behavior unfavorable to the company. The company sent in agents from Baldwin-Felts to act as the feudal managers or Knights who intimidated the people and infiltrated the new union.

Geometry: Indifference Curve, Budget Line, Equilibrium of Consumer Essay

Research the Following: 1. Indifference Curve – An indifference curve is a graph showing combination of two goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction and utility. Definition: An indifference curve is a graph showing combination of two goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction and utility. Each point on an indifference curve indicates that a consumer is indifferent between the two and all points give him the same utility. Description: Graphically, the indifference curve is drawn as a downward sloping convex to the origin. The graph shows a combination of two goods that the consumer consumes. The above diagram shows the U indifference curve showing bundles of goods A and B. To the consumer, bundle A and B are the same as both of them give him the equal satisfaction. In other words, point A gives as much utility as point B to the individual. The consumer will be satisfied at any point along the curve assuming that other things are constant. 2. Budget Line – A graphical depiction of the various combinations of two selected products that a consumer can afford at specified prices for the products given their particular income level. When a typical business is analyzing a two product budget line, the amounts of the first product are plotted on the horizontal X axis and the amounts of the second product are plotted on the vertical Y axis. -A consumer’s budget line characterizes on a graph the maximum amounts of goods that the consumer can afford. In a two good case, we can think of quantities of good X on the horizontal axis and quantities of good Y on the vertical axis. The term is often used when there are many goods, and without reference to any actual graphs. Example: Rose Bole has only $100 to spend on her two passions in life: buying books and attending movies. If all books cost $5.00 and all movies cost $2.50 (these are simply assumptions to make the problem easier–as is the assumption that only two items are involved in the problem), the graph below  shows the options open to Rose. The budget line is a frontier showing what Rose can attain. 3. Equilibrium of Consumer – Consumer Equilibrium can be explained as the point where a consumer gets the maximum amount of satisfaction from the choice he makes between 2 or more competing products. Any deviation from this point results in less satisfaction. For example, a consumer with limited income may wish to purchase both fruit and vegetables. However, the more fruit he buys, the less vegetable he can purchase and vice versa. The consumer equilibrium point will be a point at which he can purchase enough of each to gain the maximum satisfaction with his purchase decision. Example: The weekly demand and supply schedule for a brand of soft drink at various prices (between 30p and  £1.10p) is shown opposite. Equilibrium As can be seen, this market will be in equilibrium at a price of 60p per soft drink. At this price the demand for drinks by students equals the supply, and the market will clear. 500 drinks will be offered for sale at 60p and 500 will be bought – there will be no excess demand or supply at 60p.

Soc 204 Notes Essay - 3969 Words

Marriage †¢ We learn by â€Å"on-the-job training,† in which being married, allows you to learn about being married †¢ Honeymoon o Egypt ââ€" ª The honeymoon is defined as a brief period of time in which things were beautiful, but it lasted no longer than a month o Meanings: ââ€" ª A trip that many couples take after the wedding ↠ Rapoport [husband wife] described three different types of honeymoons: †¢ Lovers’ Nest – during the honeymoon, the couple was completely absorbed into themselves, as a couple †¢ Perpetuum Mobile – during the honeymoon, the couple travelled a lot†¦show more content†¦degree of happiness, there is a U-shaped phenomena †¢ At the early stages of marriage, before children, and at the later stages of marriage, after children, couples are most happy †¢ However, other factors can contribute to the dip in happiness, such as less family time, jobs, etc. They failed to realize that correlation does not lead to causation ââ€" ª Unit of Political Economy ↠ Politics ( power; economy ( money resources ↠ Looking at the family in terms of who has the power to make decisions about the resources that the family has and/or needs ↠ Blood Wolfe [University of Michigan] †¢ Husbands Wives, about who makes what decisions about family life; written after finishing their survey in the Detroit area about family life †¢ Findings: o Husband’s power is correlated to job, high occupational status income o Wife’s power is correlated to job status [full time power part-time power unemployed power] †¢ â€Å"Resource Theory of Family Power† o Power is related to the resources [primarily occupation wealth] one can provide for theShow MoreRelatedBridgeton Industries: Automotive ComponentFabrication Plant1354 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Toronto Department of Economics ECO 204 2010 - 2011 Sayed Ajaz Hussain Lecture 1 Ajaz Hussain. 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Derivative Market And The Meaning Of Derivative Market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2730 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Mehraj Mattoo (1997), Structured Derivatives: New Tools for Investment Management A Handbook of Structuring, Pricing Investor Applications (Financial Times) The Derivatives Market is meant as the market where exchange of derivatives takes place. Derivatives are one type of securities whose price is derived from the underlying assets. And value of these derivatives is determined by the fluctuations in the underlying assets. These underlying assets are most commonly stocks, bonds, currencies, interest rates, commodities and market indices. As Derivatives are merely contracts between two or more parties, anything like weather data or amount of rain can be used as underlying assets. The Derivatives can be classified as Future Contracts, Forward Contracts, Options, Swaps and Credit Derivatives. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Derivative Market And The Meaning Of Derivative Market" essay for you Create order For example, a call option on the stock of Coca-Cola is a derivative security that obtains value from the shares of Coca-Cola that can be purchased with the call option. Call options, put options, convertible bonds, futures contracts, and convertible preferred stock are examples of derivatives. A derivative can be either a risky or low-risk investment. The need for a derivatives market The derivatives market performs a number of economic functions: 1. They help in transferring risks from risk averse people to risk oriented people 2. They help in the discovery of future as well as current prices 3. They catalyze entrepreneurial activity 4. They increase the volume traded in markets because of participation of risk averse people in greater numbers 5. They increase savings and investment in the long run Derivatives are used by investors to: provide leverage (or gearing), such that a small movement in the underlying value can cause a large difference in the value of the derivative; speculate and make a profit if the value of the underlying asset moves the way they expect (e.g., moves in a given direction, stays in or out of a specified range, reaches a certain level); hedge or mitigate risk in the underlying, by entering into a derivative contract whose value moves in the opposite direction to their underlying position and cancels part or all of it out; obtain exposure to the underlying where it is not possible to trade in the underlying (e.g., weather derivatives); create option ability where the value of the derivative is linked to a specific condition or event (e.g., the underlying reaching a specific price level). Derivative Market and Financial Risk Derivatives play a vital role in risk management of both financial and non-financial institutions. But, in the present world, it has become a rising concern that derivative market operations may destabilize the efficiency of financial markets. In todays world the companies the financial and non-financial firms are using forward contracts, future contracts, options, swaps and other various combinations of derivatives to manage risk and to increase returns. It is true that growth of derivatives market reveal the increasing market demand for risk managing instruments in the economy. But, the major concern is that, the main components of Over the Counter (OTC) derivatives are interest rates and currency swaps. So, the economy will suffer surely if the derivative instruments are misused and if a major fault takes place in derivatives market. Types of Derivative Market The Derivative Market can be classified as Exchange Traded Derivatives Market and Over the Counter Derivative Market. Exchange Traded Derivatives are those derivatives which are traded through specialized derivative exchanges whereas Over the Counter Derivatives are those which are privately traded between two parties and involves no exchange or intermediary. Swaps, Options and Forward Contracts are traded in Over the Counter Derivatives Market or OTC market. The main participants of OTC market are the Investment Banks, Commercial Banks, Govt. Sponsored Enterprises and Hedge Funds. The investment banks markets the derivatives through traders to the clients like hedge funds and the rest. In the Exchange Traded Derivatives Market or Future Market, exchange acts as the main party and by trading of derivatives actually risk is traded between two parties. One party who purchases future contract is said to go long and the person who sells the future contract is said to go short. The holder of the long position owns the future contract and earns profit from it if the price of the underlying security goes up in the future. On the contrary, holder of the short position is in a profitable position if the price of the underlying security goes down, as he has already sold the future contract. So, when a new future contract is introduced, the total position in the contract is zero as no one is holding that for short or long. The trading of foreign exchange traded derivatives or the future contracts has emerged as very important financial activity all over the world just like trading of equity-linked contracts or commodity contracts. The derivatives whose underlying assets are credit, energy or metal, have shown a steady growth rate over the years around the world. Interest rate is the parameter which influences the global trading of derivatives, the most. Types of derivatives OTC and exchange-traded In broad terms, there are two groups of derivative contracts, which are distinguished by the way they are traded in the market: Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives are contracts that are traded (and privately negotiated) directly between two parties, without going through an exchange or other intermediary. Products such as swaps, forward rate agreements, and exotic options are almost always traded in this way. The OTC derivative market is the largest market for derivatives, and is largely unregulated with respect to disclosure of information between the parties, since the OTC market is made up of banks and other highly sophisticated parties, such as hedge funds. Reporting of OTC amounts are difficult because trades can occur in private, without activity being visible on any exchange. According to the Bank for International Settlements, the total outstanding notional amount is US$684 trillion (as of June 2008). Of this total notional amount, 67% are interest rate contracts, 8% are credit default swaps (CDS), 9% are foreign exchange contracts, 2% are commodity contracts, 1% are equity contracts, and 12% are othe r. Because OTC derivatives are not traded on an exchange, there is no central counter-party. Therefore, they are subject to counter-party risk, like an ordinary contract, since each counter-party relies on the other to perform. Exchange-traded derivative contracts (ETD) are those derivatives instruments that are traded via specialized derivatives exchanges or other exchanges. A derivatives exchange is a market where individuals trade standardized contracts that have been defined by the exchange. A derivatives exchange acts as an intermediary to all related transactions, and takes Initial margin from both sides of the trade to act as a guarantee. The worlds largest derivatives exchanges (by number of transactions) are the Korea Exchange (which lists KOSPI Index Futures Options), Eurex (which lists a wide range of European products such as interest rate index products), and CME Group (made up of the 2007 merger of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the Chicago Board of Trade and the 2008 acquisition of the New York Mercantile Exchange). According to BIS, the combined turnover in the worlds derivatives exchanges totaled USD 344 trillion during Q4 2005. Some types of derivative instruments also may trade on traditional exchanges. For instance, hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and/or convertible preferred may be listed on stock or bond exchanges. Also, warrants (or rights) may be listed on equity exchanges. Performance Rights, Cash xPRTs and various other instruments that essentially consist of a complex set of options bundled into a simple package are routinely listed on equity exchanges. Like other derivatives, these publicly traded derivatives provide investors access to risk/reward and volatility characteristics that, while related to an underlying commodity, nonetheless are distinctive Common types of derivatives Derivatives are a tool used by investors to manage risk. It is a complex area and one that requires a great deal of study and application to master. In brief, a derivative gets its value from another financial product. There are two primary types of derivative contracts: over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives and exchange-traded derivatives. They differ from each other in the ways they are traded on the market. There are also three major classes of derivatives: some types of warrants, futures and exchange-traded options. Futures. (Also sometimes called forwards) are contracts that say an asset block will be sold or bought on an agreed future date Futures are contracts to buy or sell an asset on or before a future date at a price specified today. A futures contract differs from a forward contract in that the futures contract is a standardized contract written by a clearing house that operates an exchange where the contract can be bought and sold, whereas a forward contract is a non-standardized contract written by the parties themselves. Options. An option gives the contract holder the right to buy or sell on a specified date in the future but they are under no obligation to take up this option. Options are contracts that give the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) an asset. The price at which the sale takes place is known as the strike price, and is specified at the time the parties enter into the option. The option contract also specifies a maturity date. In the case of a European option, the owner has the right to require the sale to take place on (but not before) the maturity date; in the case of an American option, the owner can require the sale to take place at any time up to the maturity date. If the owner of the contract exercises this right, the counter-party has the obligation to carry out the transaction. Swaps are contracts to exchange cash (flows) on or before a specified future date based on the underlying value of currencies/exchange rates, bonds/interest rates, commodities, stocks or other assets. Swaps: Swaps are private agreements between two parties to exchange cash flows in the future according to a prearranged formula. They can be regarded as portfolios of forward contracts. The two commonly used swaps are: ÂÂ · Interest rate swaps: These entail swapping only the interest related cash flows between the parties in the same currency. ÂÂ · Currency swaps: These entail swapping both principal and interest between the parties, with the cash flows in one direction being in adifferent currency than those in the opposite direction. Warrants. A tool used for trading on the stock exchange. They can be held over shares, currency, an index or commodity. Warrants (and options) allow the holder to earn additional income from their shares or to protect value of their existing assets. Types of options In Australia the different kinds of options available to investors include: Flex options Long term options Low exercise price options (LEPOs) Index options Index LEPOs Types of warrants There are also a range of different kinds of warrants commonly in use. They are: Equity call and put warrants Installment warrants Endowment warrants Low exercise price warrants Options are traded electronically by brokers on a computerised market called the Derivatives Trading Facility (DTF). Using this system the first order placed is the first order processed and at the end of the day any unexercised orders lapse. Warrants are traded using the ASX share trading system. The Australian Stock Exchange is a fantastic resource for further information about derivatives and also runs education classes for new investors. Alternatively, have look through the Investor Buddy Learning Centre or Derivatives section or email us. Benefits The use of derivatives also has its benefits: Derivatives facilitate the buying and selling of risk, and many people.consider this to have a positive impact on the economic system. Although someone loses money while someone else gains money with a derivative, under normal circumstances, trading in derivatives should not adversely affect the economic system because it is not zero sum in utility. Former federal reserver board chairman Alan Greenspan commented in 2003 that he believed that the use of derivatives has softened the impact of the economic downturn at the beginning of the 21st century. Government regulation In the context of a 2010 examination of the ICE Trust, an industry self-regulatory body, the chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission which regulates most derivatives, was quoted saying that the derivatives marketplace as it functions now adds up to higher costs to all Americans. More oversight of the banks in this market is needed, he also said. Additionally, the report said, the Department of Justice is looking into derivatives, too. The departments antitrust unit is actively investigating the possibility of anticompetitive practices in the credit derivatives clearing, trading and information services industries, according to a department spokeswoman. Definitions Bilateral netting: A legally enforceable arrangement between a bank and a counter-party that creates a single legal obligation covering all included individual contracts. This means that a banks obligation, in the event of the default or insolvency of one of the parties, would be the net sum of all positive and negative fair values of contracts included in the bilateral netting arrangement. Credit derivative: A contract that transfers credit risk from a protection buyer to a credit production seller. Credit derivative products can take many forms, such as credit default swaps, credit linked notes and total return swaps. Derivative: A financial contract whose value is derived from the performance of assets, interest rates, currency exchange rates, or indexes. Derivative transactions include a wide assortment of financial contracts including structured debt obligations and deposits, swaps, futures, options, caps, floors, collars, forwards and various combinations thereof. Exchange-traded derivative contract: Standardized derivative contracts that are transacted on an organized futures exchange. Gross negative fair value: The sum of the fair values of contracts where the bank owes money to its counter-parties, without taking into account netting. This represents the maximum losses the banks counter-parties would incur if the bank defaults and there is no netting of contracts, and no bank collateral was held by the counter-parties. Gross positive fair value Gross: The sum total of the fair values of contracts where the bank is owed money by its counter-parties, without taking into account netting. This represents the maximum losses a bank could incur if all its counter-parties default and there is no netting of contracts, and the bank holds no counter-party collateral. High-risk motgage securities: Securities where the price or expected average life is highly sensitive to interest rate changes, as determined by the FFIEC policy statement on high-risk mortgage securities. Notional amount: The nominal or face amount that is used to calculate payments made on swaps and other risk management products. This amount generally does not change hands and is thus referred to as notional. Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts: Privately negotiated derivative contracts that are transacted off organized futures exchanges. structured notes: Non-mortgage-backed debt securities, whose cash flow characteristics depend on one or more indices and / or have embedded forwards or options. Conclusions In terms of the growth of derivatives markets, and the variety of derivatives users, the Indian market has equalled or exceeded many other regional markets. While the growth is being spearheaded mainly by retail investors, private sector institutions and large corporations, smaller companies and state-owned institutions are gradually getting into the act. Foreign brokers such as JP Morgan Chase are boosting their presence in India in reaction to the growth in derivatives. The variety of derivatives instruments available for trading is also expanding. There remain major areas of concern for Indian derivatives users. Large gaps exist in the range of derivatives products that are traded actively. In equity derivatives, NSE figures show that almost 90% of activity is due to stock futures or index futures, whereas trading in options is limited to a few stocks, partly because they are settled in cash and not the underlying stocks. Exchange-traded derivatives based on interest rates and currencies are virtually absent. Liquidity and transparency are important properties of any developed market. Liquid markets require market makers who are willing to buy and sell, and be patient while doing so. In India, market making is primarily the province of Indian private and foreign banks, with public sector banks lagging in this area (FitchRatings, 2004). A lack of market liquidity may be responsible for inadequate trading in some markets. Transparency is achieved partly through financial disclosure. Financial statements

Is Water A Safe Drinking Water - 1747 Words

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